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- <text id=90TT1982>
- <link 90TT2433>
- <link 89TT2613>
- <title>
- July 30, 1990: Diplomacy:Change Of Course
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- July 30, 1990 Mr. Germany
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 42
- DIPLOMACY
- Change of Course
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The U.S. does an about-face on its Cambodia policy, paving the
- way for talks with Vietnam
- </p>
- <p>By Jill Smolowe--Reported by J.F.O. McAllister with Baker and
- William Stewart/Hong Kong
- </p>
- <p> As Secretary of State James Baker and Soviet Foreign
- Minister Eduard Shevardnadze disappeared behind closed doors
- in Paris last week, the expectation was that they would work
- out some new approach to the problem of Afghanistan. But when
- Baker emerged two hours later, few were ready for the
- announcement he made.
- </p>
- <p> Reversing a position that dates back to the Carter White
- House, Baker said the U.S. would withdraw diplomatic
- recognition of the Cambodian resistance coalition that includes
- the Khmer Rouge and would open talks with Vietnam about a
- Cambodian settlement. Officials in Washington and Moscow were
- caught off guard; diplomats in Hanoi and Beijing were stunned;
- and most Southeast Asian nations, with the exception of
- Thailand and Vietnam, were dismayed.
- </p>
- <p> If the 180 degrees shift came as a shock, it should have
- been no real surprise. U.S. support of the bloodstained Khmer
- Rouge--however grudging--had long looked too contradictory
- and too immoral to sustain. The Bush Administration's strategy
- has three goals: securing the withdrawal of Vietnamese forces
- from Cambodia, preventing the Khmer Rouge's return to power,
- and holding free elections to seat a new government.
- </p>
- <p> Goal No. 1 was achieved last September when the last of
- Vietnam's 200,000 combat troops returned home--though some
- have apparently returned to bolster the faltering Cambodian
- army. As for Goal No. 2, it never made sense for Washington to
- support a three-part coalition that included the Khmer Rouge
- while decrying the possible return to power of Pol Pot's
- forces. With last week's unequivocal shift away from the Khmer
- Rouge, the U.S. Administration finally brought strategy and
- policy into line on Goal No. 2, paving the way for movement on
- Goal No. 3.
- </p>
- <p> The decision resulted primarily from the Administration's
- belated recognition of battlefield realities in Cambodia and
- political realities on Capitol Hill. Over the past six months,
- the Khmer Rouge forces, an estimated 30,000 strong, have been
- pursuing a rural-based strategy similar to the one that enabled
- them to encircle and take the capital city of Phnom Penh in
- 1975. While the Khmer Rouge are stronger militarily than at any
- other time since they were chased from power by Vietnam 11
- years ago, some well-informed analysts do not believe the gains
- made during this rainy season represent a dramatic shift of
- strength on the ground. As yet, no town of significant size or
- importance has fallen to the Khmer Rouge. Still, with fighting
- raging through the countryside, the situation could change
- swiftly.
- </p>
- <p> While the Khmer Rouge have been pressing the regime of Prime
- Minister Hun Sen, Congress has been pressuring the White House.
- Lawmakers have been growing increasingly alarmed at the
- possibility of a return to power by the Khmer Rouge forces,
- which were responsible for the death of at least 1 million
- fellow Cambodians during their reign of terror from 1975 to
- 1978. Last month the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
- voted against further covert aid to the tripartite coalition;
- the corresponding House committee was expected to follow suit.
- Two weeks ago, a bipartisan group of 11 Senators circulated a
- letter asking the Administration to alter its policy.
- </p>
- <p> Congressional reaction to the policy reversal was largely
- positive. "This will help make it clear to one and all, at home
- and abroad, that the U.S. will have nothing to do with the
- Khmer Rouge," said Representative Stephen Solarz, a New York
- Democrat. It seems likely that the Senate will follow the lead
- of the House and approve the Administration's request for $7
- million in overt aid to the two non-Khmer Rouge factions of the
- resistance, one headed by former Cambodian head of state Prince
- Norodom Sihanouk, the other by former Prime Minister Son Sann.
- Some officials are ready for direct negotiations with Hun Sen,
- whom Washington has, until now, dismissed as a mere puppet of
- Vietnam. Baker himself suggested to the President two weeks ago
- that talks be opened with the Cambodian Prime Minister. In a
- decision made in typical Bush fashion--maximum secrecy, high
- domestic political content--Bush approved the move to
- withdraw diplomatic support of the guerrilla coalition but
- would go no further for now. That was still good news for those
- officials at the State Department, led by Under Secretary for
- Political Affairs Robert Kimmitt, who have been arguing for
- months that the U.S. should distance itself from the Khmer
- Rouge. Explains an official familiar with Baker's thinking: "It
- gets much harder, as the Khmer Rouge advance, for us to ignore
- the relationship between our allies and the Khmer Rouge and,
- by extension, between us and the Khmer Rouge."
- </p>
- <p> Only China now backs the Khmer Rouge. Last week Beijing
- issued a stern rebuke to Washington for withdrawing support
- from the resistance coalition and vowed to continue its
- support. "So long as Vietnam has not withdrawn all its troops
- from Cambodia genuinely," said Jin Guihua, a Foreign Ministry
- spokesman, "China will continue to support the Cambodian people
- in their struggle against foreign invaders." Beijing has not
- softened its hostility toward Hun Sen, but there are subtle
- signs that China may yet shift its position. Some officials now
- mention that Hun Sen's grandfather was Chinese, seeming to hint
- at the possibility of a new relationship.
- </p>
- <p> The decision to break with the Khmer Rouge eliminates a
- political and diplomatic embarrassment for the Bush
- Administration, but U.S. officials acknowledge that peace in
- Cambodia is unlikely until the Chinese agree to cut off aid to
- the Khmer Rouge. "As long as they get whatever they want from
- China, they will see no reason to go from the battlefield to
- elections," says a congressional staffer. "They aren't going
- to throw in the towel just because they lost their seat in the
- U.N." The noncommunist resistance also sounds determined to
- carry on. From his residence in North Korea, Sihanouk branded
- the U.S. decision "an act of very serious injustice" and vowed
- to continue the fight.
- </p>
- <p> If Cambodia's future is still problematic, Vietnam's looks
- more promising. Ever since the Vietnamese withdrew their troops
- from Cambodia, they have been eagerly waiting for the U.S. to
- restore diplomatic relations and end the trade embargo that
- deepens their desperate economic problems. By agreeing to open
- talks with Hanoi on the Cambodian issue, Baker has at least
- opened the door to the possibility of normalizing relations
- after 15 years of isolation.
- </p>
- <p> Nguyen Co Thach, Vietnam's Foreign Minister, hailed the U.S.
- overture and expressed Hanoi's readiness to talk. "It is the
- beginning of the thaw we have been waiting years for," said
- Nguyen Xuan Oanh, a onetime South Vietnamese Vice Premier and
- now a national Assemblyman and an economic adviser to the
- government. "We are ready for anything."
- </p>
- <p> Last week Baker seemed to anticipate Hanoi's enthusiasm and,
- wary of the political fallout in the U.S. from any cozying up
- to Vietnam, applied a brake. "This change in policy does not
- constitute a decision to normalize relations with Vietnam," he
- cautioned. "We are just beginning a dialogue with Vietnam on
- Cambodia." But he held out the promise that firm movement on
- a Cambodian settlement leading to free elections, coupled with
- greater cooperation in resolving questions about U.S. prisoners
- of war and soldiers missing in action, might lead to full
- diplomatic ties. After almost four decades of conflict in the
- region and millions of deaths, such normality seems a goal
- devoutly to be desired.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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